Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Mohammad Ali Ghavimi ¹, Senem Sunar ², Amirhossein Bani Shahabadi ¹, Ramin Negahdari ^1,*

¹ Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

² Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

*Corresponding at Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Email: Ramin_n_dds@yahoo.com

 Bone tissue engineering proposes a new and optimistic technique for bone repair and renewal. Many studies have been reported for engineering bone as it offers a talented novel methods for bone regeneration by mimicking natural processes [1].

Electrospinning is an one-step technique to produce polymer/composite fibers. It includes a reservoir (typically a syringe), a pump, a high voltage power source and a collector [2-5]. Newly, numerous applications of electrospun fibers have been appeared to be the result of their specific structures, mainly large surface area-to-volume ratio.

Extracellular matrix (ECM)- based scaffolds have been proposed as most similar ones to the original tissue. Natural polymeric scaffolds are composed of extracellular biomaterials in 3 groups: 1) proteins like collagen and gelatin, 2) polysaccharides like cellulose and dextran, and 3) polynucleotides (DNA, RNA). Polymers such as starch, poly caprolactone (PCL), poly ethylene glycol (PEG), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and collagen have been reported for a wide range of bone-related treatment applications, including tissue engineering [6-12], to bone cements [10,11] and drug delivery systems [12]. Natural origin, good mechanical properties and high biocompatibility converts the starch-based resources to the beneficial materials in the biomedical area [12]. Besides, collagen, as the chief constituent of connective tissue, is a structural component. It presented outstanding biocompatibility once applied in tissue engineering [7,8]. Its antigenicity should be removed through specific chemical processes. PCL is also a hydrophobic, semi-crystalline and moderately slow-degrading polymer with extensively used in the biomedical field for the last few decades. It is a thermoplastic polymer with several ideal possessions, including good stability and ease of process ability [1,7].

By incorporating different materials to reduce the degradation rate of the fibers, they can be matched with the speed of tissue regeneration. In this case, the nanofibers can be used as the membrane biomaterials for example guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes [8].

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest associated with this work.

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